基于PSR模型的昆明市城市饮用水源区生态安全问题研究

Study on the ecological security issue of Kunming urban drinking water sources based on PSR model

昆明是严重缺水的城市之一,城市饮用水生态安全问题事关昆明长远发展。本文从经济、社会和生态三方面,应用PSR(压力—状态—响应)模型构建了城市饮用水源区生态安全评价指标体系,并对昆明市两大水库—松华坝水库和云龙水库进行实证分析,得出整体上两者都处于比较安全状态。松华坝水库的生态安全指数为0.895,已基本接近安全水平,松华坝水库准则层,压力系统安全指数为0.816,状态系统安全指数为0.986,响应系统安全指数为0.881,状态系统属于安全状态,压力系统和响应系统均属于较安全状态;云龙水库生态安全指数是0.826,云龙水库准则层,压力系统安全指数为0.937,状态系统安全指数为0.897,响应系统安全指数为0.645,压力系统属于安全状态,状态系统均属于较安全状态,响应系统属于较不安全状态,说明云龙水库的生态压力较小,但保护措施力度较弱,生态环境保护程度需要进一步提升。

As one of the severe water shortage cities,the long-term development of Kunming is decided by ecological security of the urban drinking water sources. This paper,from three aspects as economy,society and ecology,used PSR( Pressure—State—Response) model to construct ecological security evaluation index system of urban drinking water sources. The empirical analysis was made using the two reservoirs as the study objects,Songhuaba Reservoir and Yunlong Reservoir. The conclusion is that the ecological security state of Kunming urban drinking water sources was relatively safe. The ecological security index of Songhuaba Reservoir is 0.895,basically close to the security level. The rule layer of Songhuaba Reservoir is that safety index of pressure system is 0.816,safety index of state system is 0.986,and safety index of response system is 0. 881. The state system is safe,pressure system and response system are close to the safe state. The ecological security index of Yunlong Reservoir is 0.826. The rule layer of Yunlong Reservoir is that safety index of pressure system is 0.937,safety index of state system is 0.897,and safety index of response system is 0.645. The pressure system is safe,state and system is close to the safe state,and response system is less safe state,which means that the Yunlong Reservoir ecological pressure is small,but the protection measures are weak. Hence,the ecological environment protection levels need to be further improved.