基于物元模型的土壤养分评价

Evaluation of soil nutrients in Wendeng based on matter-element model

本文通过层次分析法、依据物元模型的数值法和基于ARCGIS10.0中的克里金插值法综合分析威海文登市土壤养分现状,并得出如下结论:(1)文登市土壤养分含量普遍较低,耕地地力后劲儿不足,土壤养分失衡,生态功能变差,这就是耕地质量的整体现状,其中最大原因是有机质含量偏低,肥沃土壤几乎没有,而有效磷的含量却偏高,说明在耕作过程中施肥不均衡。(2)从空间分布特征来看,土壤养分从西南-东北向递增,肥沃土地集中在东北局部地区,西南部大约1/3的区域土壤贫瘠,中部平原地区养分含量适中。(3)耕地质量提升的核心和关键是提高土壤有机质含量,应采取增施有机肥、秸秆还田、绿肥翻压还田等措施,提高土壤有机质含量;通过定期监测土壤氮、磷、钾及微量元素、有机质含量和盐碱等状况,不断调整施肥配方,推广科学施肥技术,减少盲目施肥,还可有效减少不合理施肥造成的面源污染。

In this paper,the soil nutrient status of Wendeng City in Weihai was analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP),numerical method based on matter-element model and Kriging interpolation method based on ARCGIS10.0,and the following conclusions were drawn: First,the soil organic matter content is low,the fertile soil is insafficient,and the content of available phosphorus is high,which shows that the content of available phosphorus is high,fertilization is not balanced during the tillage.Second,from the spatial distribution characteristics,soil nutrients increased from southwest to northeast,fertile land is concentrated in the northeastern part of the region,one third land soil in southwest is barren,and central plains nutrient content is moderate. Third,the core and key to improve the quality of arable land is to improve soil organic matter content,and we should increase organic manure,straw to land,green manure and other measures; through regular monitoring of soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,trace elements,organic matter content and salinity and other conditions,we can constantly adjust the fertilization formula,promote scientific fertilization techniques to reduce blind fertilization,then effectively reducing unreasonable fertilization caused by non-point source pollution.