资源环境约束下黄河三角洲盐碱地农业绿色发展对策

Countermeasures of agricultural green development of Saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta under the constraints of resource and environment

本文系统分析了黄河三角洲盐碱地开发利用状况和农业发展的资源条件,探讨了农业发展的环境影响与效益制约,提出了促进农业绿色发展的对策。结果表明:黄河三角洲不仅受到盐碱地改良难、淡水紧缺的资源约束,而且受到常规农业发展模式环境风险高、比较效益低的环境效益约束,农业发展面临严峻挑战;黄河三角洲肩负发展高效生态经济重任,盐碱地农业利用必须坚持绿色主题,兼顾资源环境约束,保障国家食物和生态安全。建议在黄河三角洲发展水肥一体化设施栽培,优化农业空间布局,将设施栽培向黄河、小清河以北迁移,"两河"以南"退棚还田"发展粮食生产;强化科技支撑,培育绿色产业链,并建立生态经济补偿机制协调区域关系。

This paper systematically analyzed the development and utilization of saline alkali land and the resource conditions of agricultural development,and discussed the environmental impact and benefit constraints of agricultural development in the Yellow River Delta.Some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the green development of regional agriculture were put forward.The Yellow River delta is not only constrained by the resources that the saline alkali land is difficult to be improved and the fresh water is difficult to meet the needs,but also constrained by environment and benefits of conventional agricultural development mode with high environmental risk and low efficiency.Agricultural development is facing severe challenges.The Yellow River delta is shouldering the important task of developing high efficiency ecological economy.The green theme must be adhered to and the constraints of resources and environment must be took account in the agricultural utilization of saline alkali land.The integration of water and fertilizer should be developed in the area,and the spatial layout of agriculture should be optimized that the cultivation of facilities should be moved to the north of the Yellow River and Xiaoqing River.The‘returning greenhouse to the grain plots’policy should be taken to develop grain production in the south of the two rivers.The support of science and technology should be strengthened,and the green industrial chain should be cultivated.An ecological economic compensation mechanism should be established to coordinate regional relations.