马铃薯根和叶空间分布的品种间差异及其对产量的影响

Genotype Differences of Spatial Distribution between Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Root and Leaf and Their Effects on Potato Yield

利用根量多、耐旱、抗倒伏的根优1号、根优4号及高产优质、根量少、易倒伏的粉吹雪为试材,在马铃薯地上部最大期调查了根和叶空间分布的品种间差异及其对产量的影响。结果表明:①根优1号和根优4号分布在土壤0～120cm处的总根长和30～120cm处的根长都显著高于粉吹雪;②根优1号和根优4号的根系主要分布在土壤深层(30～120cm),而粉吹雪的根系则主要分布在土壤耕作层(0～30cm);③根优1号叶面积分布最均匀,而根优4号则主要集中分布在中上层(40～80cm),特别是在60～80cm(占总叶面积的41.7%),而根优1号的吸光系数显著低于粉吹雪和根优4号,因此根优1号从地上部最大期到收获期的块茎干物质增加量和增加速度最大;④株高、主茎粗和比根长各品种间差异显著,根优1号的植株最高,主茎最粗,但比根长最小,粉吹雪的植株最矮,主茎最细,但比根长最大。

To test the genotype differences of spatial distribution between potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)root and leaf and their effects on potato yield,genotype'Genyou No.1'and'Genyou No.4'with heavy dry root weight,drought and lodging resistance,and'Konafubuki'with high yield,super quality,light dry root weight,and lodging acceptance were used at the maximum stage of shoot growth(MSS)under rain-fed field.The results indicated:① The total root lengths within 0-120 cm depth and within 30-120 cm depth of'Genyou No.1'and'Genyou No.4'were significantly longer than 'Konafubuki';② The root systems of'Genyou No.1'and'Genyou No.4'were mostly distributed in the depth of 30-120 cm,while that of'Konafubuki'was mainly distributed in the layer of soil tillage(0-30cm);③ The leaf area distribution of'Genyou No.1'was even,while that of'Genyou No.4'was mainly concentrated in the middle and upper layer(40-80 cm),particularly in 60-80 cm(accounting for the total leaf area 41.7%).Therefore,the light absorption coefficient of'Genyou No.1'was significantly lower than those of'Genyou No.4'and'Konafubuki'.Thus,the increased tuber dry matter and tuber growth rate of'Genyou No.1'was the largest during the period from MSS to harvest;④ There were significant differences between genotypes in the plant height,main stem diameter and specific root length.The plant height and main stem diameter of'Genyou No.1'were the largest and its specific root length was the smallest,while the plant height and main stem diameter o'fKonafubuki'were the smallest,but its specific root length was the largest.