华南地区蔬菜钾肥推荐施肥技术体系建立

Establishment of Recommended Potassium Fertilization Technical System for Vegetables in South China

在华南地区不同地点、不同肥力水平的菜园上进行叶菜类、瓜类、豆类3类主要蔬菜的钾肥田间试验,并对138个试验点的3类蔬菜相对产量与土壤有效钾含量、土壤有效钾含量与施钾量的关系进行相关分析,建立回归方程,以此分别建立适用于瓜类、豆类、叶菜类的土壤有效钾养分丰缺指标和各等级土壤的推荐施钾肥指标。结果表明:蔬菜相对产量为<75%、75%～95%、>95%的各肥力等级土壤有效钾丰缺指标,苦瓜分别为<50mg·kg-1、50～240mg·kg-1、>240mg·kg-1;豇豆分别为<45mg·kg-1、45～195mg·kg-1、>195mg·kg-1;叶菜分别为<20mg·kg-1、20～140mg·kg-1、>140mg·kg-1。各有效钾等级对应的施钾量,苦瓜分别为15.0kg·(667m2)-1、7.5～15.0kg·(667m2)-1、<7.5kg·(667m2)-1;豇豆分别为12.5kg·(667m2)-1、7.0～12.5kg·(667m2)-1、<7.0kg·(667m2)-1;叶菜分别为9.5kg·(667m2)-1、5.5～9.5kg·(667m2)-1、<5.5kg·(667m2)-1。

Fertilizer K experiments of 138 field trials on leaf vegetable,gourd vegetable and legume vegetable in different locations with different fertility levels were investigated,and the statistical analysis on the relative yield and potassium fertilization and soil available potassium were carried out. The regression equations were also established.They were to determine the soil Rich-Lack index on available potassium and the recommended fertilization of potassium for different fertility levels of soil. Results showed that when the relative yield of vegetable were <75%,75%-95%,>95%,the soil Rich-Lack index on the available potassium were <50 mg·kg-1,50-240 mg·kg-1,>240 mg·kg-1, respectively for gourd-vegetable like balsam pear,that was <45 mg·kg-1,45-195 mg·kg-1,>195 mg·kg-1 respectively for legume vegetable like cowpea,that was <20 mg·kg-1,20-140 mg·kg-1, >140 mg·kg-1 respectively for leaf vegetable.The recommended fertilization of potassium for different fertility levels of soil were that the gourd vegetables were 225.0 kg·hm-2,112.5-225.0 kg·hm-2, <112.5 kg·hm-2 respectively,the legume vegetables were 187.5 kg·hm-2,105.0-187.5 kg·hm-2,<105.0 kg·hm-2,respectively,the leaf vegetables were 142.5 kg·hm-2,82.5-142.5 kg·hm-2, <82.5 kg·hm-2,respectively.