专用缓释肥氨挥发特性及对茄子产量、品质的影响

Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization of Special Slow-release Fertilizer and Effects of Slow-release Fertilizers on Eggplant Quality and Yield

采用室内扩散模拟试验及盆栽试验研究了茄子专用缓释肥氨挥发特性以及对茄子产量、品质,NPK养分吸收以及肥料表观利用率的影响。结果显示,在室内扩散模拟试验中,与大颗粒尿素(PUR)相比,茄子专用缓释肥(QSRF)显著降低了氨挥发速率和氨累积挥发量。培养前期大颗粒尿素(PUR)氨挥发平均速率最大,28 d以后茄子专用肥(QCCF)挥发速率则为最高。QSRF处理的表观挥发量比等氮量的PUR及QCCF降低了62.17%和56.76%。在盆栽试验中,QSRF显著提高了茄子产量。2个品种的QSRF处理分别较普通复合肥(OCCF)增产37.1%和37.8%,较商品缓释肥(MSRF)增产1.4%和27.6%。QSRF处理增加了果实VC、氨基酸含量,果实硝酸盐含量明显低于OCCF处理。QSRF处理可显著提高氮素和钾素的表观利用率,而对磷素作用不明显。

The experiment of ‘venting method’ in laboratory and pot experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of ammonia volatilization of special slow-release fertilizer in soil,and its effect of special slow-release fertilizer on yield and quality of eggplant(Solanum melongena L.), uptake of N,P and K,fertilizer use efficiency.The results showed that the special slow-release fertil-izer (QSRF) for vegetables could significantly reduce the volatilization rate of ammonia and accumula-tion of ammonia volatilization in the experiment of‘venting method’in laboratory.At the beginning of laboratory experiments,the highest average rate of ammonia volatilization was observed in large particle urea(PUR)treatment.However,28 days later,the volatilization rate of special fertilizer(QCCF) was the highest.Accumulations of ammonia apparent volatilization by QSRF had reduced by 62.17% and 56.76%,compared with PUR and QCCF.Obviously in pot experiment,QSRF significantly improved eggplant yield. Yield of the 2 eggplant varieties under QSRF treatment had increased by 37.1% and 37.8% than under the common compound fertilizer (OCCF),and increased by 1.4% and 27.6% than the commercial slow-release fertilizer (MSRF).Contents of VC and amino acid in fruit were in-creased by QSRF treatment. Content of nitrate was evidently lower than that treated by OCCF.The ap-parent fertilizer utilization rate of N and K was increased by QSRF treatment,while no obviously effect was found on apparent fertilizer utilization rate of P.