玛曲高寒草甸生态系统的动态变化及其驱动力

Dynamic Change and Its Driving Forces of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem in Maqu,Gansu,China

玛曲高寒草甸的健康状况直接影响着整个黄河流域的水安全,因此精确、全面地认识玛曲高寒草甸生态系统的变化及其驱动因子就显得尤为重要。本文基于卫星遥感数据及地面实测数据,分别从生态服务功能价值评估及时空格局分析两方面,考察了2004—2013年玛曲高寒草甸生态系统的变化趋势及其驱动力。结果表明:(1)玛曲高寒草甸生态系统的服务功能价值呈缓慢下降态势,下降速度约为6×107元·a-1。(2)导致其变动的驱动因子排序为:年降水量>年均牧畜存栏量>农村人口数量>人均居住面积>年均气温>重工业产值>有无自然灾害>工业产值>乡道投资>环境治理投资>牧民定居投资,即自然因素基础上的人文因素使得玛曲高寒草甸生态系统的服务功能价值不断降低。本文的研究结果对于准确认识玛曲高寒草甸生态系统的现状、变化趋势及其驱动力具有重要意义。

Alpine meadow in Maqu which is located in the source region of Yellow River plays a vital role in the water security of Yellow River watershed.So it is particularly important to acknowledge the change of Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem and its reasons in more accurate and comprehensive way.Based on the satellite remote sensing data and field measured data during 2004-2013,the dynamic change and its driving force are studied.The results showed that:(1)the value of alpine meadow ecosystem in Maqu had been slowly declined,the drop rate was 6×107yuan·a-1;(2)The rank of driving forces which had led to this alteration was as follows:annual rainfall>average annual herds>number of population>living space per capita> average annual temperature>annual heavy industrial output>disasters>industrial output>annual investment township road>annual investment of environmental governance>annual investment of herdsmen settlement.In other words,the changes of alpine meadow ecosystem in Maqu were caused by human dimensions on the basis of natural factors.The result is of great significance to understand the status quo,trends and its driving force of alpine meadow ecosystem in Maqu.