气候变化背景下典型草原自然保护区生态系统服务价值评估

The Evaluation of Ecological Service Value in a Typical Grassland Nature Reserve under the Context of Global Climate Changes

基于单位面积的生态系统服务价值评估方法,结合遥感和GIS技术分析了锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区1985—2014年的生态系统服务价值,并探讨了气候变化对该保护区生态系统服务价值变化的贡献率。结果表明:(1)近30年保护区草地面积持续减少,生态系统服务价值总体呈减少趋势,每10年至少减少18亿元;(2)平均温度和降水对保护区生态系统服务价值变化的贡献率至少为52.5%,保护区每10年因气候变化损失的生态系统服务价值至少为9.5亿元;(3)保护区现有生态保护力度一定程度上缓解了气候变化对其生态系统服务功能的影响。本文的研究结果可为建立自然保护区生态补偿机制、制定合理的区域生态保护和经济开发政策以及保护和恢复保护区生物多样性提供较为可靠的依据。

The maintainence and conservation of ecosystem service is an important basis for the sustainable development,especially under the context of global climate changes.In this study,we precisely evaluated the value of ecosystem service(ESV)and then quantified the effects of climate factors on the ecosystem service in the Xilinguole National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia,China.Based on the unit area method with remote sensing products of value evaluation of ecosystem service from1985 to 2014.Our results showed as follows:(1)The area of grassland decreased during the past 30 years,and ESV of the nature reserve also showed a decreased tendency by 1.8 billion at least every ten years;(2)ESV was very sensitive to the climate changes,52.5% of the inter-annual variations of ESV was caused by temperature and precipitation at least;(3)The existing ecological protection of the nature reserve can offset the effects of climate changes on ecosystem service in some degree.Our results provides more reliable data basis for the establishment of the ecological compensation mechanism for nature reserve area and enaction of reasonable strategies of ecological protection of biodiversity.