规模养猪场户清洁生产认知与行为的影响因素及其作用机理——基于山东省509家规模养猪场户的调查数据

Factors affecting cognition and behavior of clean production in large-scale pig farms——A case of 509 large-scale pig farmers in Shandong Province

生猪养殖是重要的环境污染源,规模养猪场户实施清洁生产行为是防治生猪养殖污染的重要途径。为从根本上降低生猪养殖污染,避免废弃物末端治理带来的弊端,实现环境效益与经济效益相统一。依据计划行为理论,利用山东省17地市509份问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型,实证研究了规模养猪场户清洁生产认知与行为的影响因素及其作用机理。结果表明,由如何看待清洁生产和对生猪养殖污染熟悉度组成的规模养猪场户清洁生产态度,以及由年龄、受教育年限和生猪养殖出栏量组成的规模养猪场户禀赋特征对清洁生产认知具有显著的正向影响;由政府对清洁生产支持力度和经营组织对清洁生产的要求组成的外部规范对清洁生产认知有正向影响,但并不显著;规模养猪场户清洁生产认知对源头预防行为、过程控制行为和末端治理行为有显著的正向影响;规模养猪场户清洁生产态度、禀赋特征及外部规范约束对清洁生产行为有间接影响。其作用机理为:规模养猪场户清洁生产行为受制于认知程度,而认知程度又是行为主体态度、外部规范和主体自身禀赋特征共同作用的结果,而三者产生的作用条件又归因于外界环境(政府机构、经营组织、上下游企业等)与行为主体间的不断沟通。可见,规模养猪场户清洁生产行为作用机理并非单个因素间简单的线性作用,而是全产业链参与者与其所处环境间相互作用的结果。因此,应当根据认知与行为的影响因素和作用机理,提高规模养猪场户对清洁生产的积极态度,加强外部规范性,强化主体自身良好的禀赋,通过较高的认知水平正向作用于行为的形成和完善,并最终从根本上降低生猪养殖污染,实现经济效益与环境效益相统一。

Pig breeding is a key source of environmental pollution.The clean production of large-scale pig farm is critical for preventing pollution by pig breeding.Based on the theory of planned behavior,using data derived from 509 questionnaires of a survey in17 cities,Shandong Province,structural equation model was used to empirically analyze the driving factors and their action mechanisms of cognition and behavior of clean production in large-scale pig farms.The results showed that the attitude of large-scale pig farmers to clean production and characteristics of pig farm households had significantly positive impact on cleaner production perception.The former was mainly driven by understanding of clean production and familiarity with pig breeding pollution,and latter included age,years of schooling and slaughter fattened hogs number of farmers.External regulations consisting of government support and requirements of cooperative organizations had positive but no significant impact on cleaner production perception.The cognition of clean production in large-scale pig farms had significant positive impact on source prevention,process control and terminal governance behaviors.Clean production attitude,endowment characteristics and external regulation had indirect impact on cleaner production behavior of farmers.The action mechanism was as follows:clean production behavior of large-scale pig farmers was subject to the degree of cognition,which was the result of interaction of behavioral subject attitudes,external regulations and subject endowment characteristics.This was attributed to continuous communication between the external environment(government,operating organizations,upstream and downstream enterprises,etc.)and the behavioral agent.It was noted that clean production behavior mechanism of large-scale pig farmers was not a simple linear effect between individual factors,but the result of interaction among the participants of the whole industrial chain and the environment.Therefore,based on the driving factors and mechanism of cognition and behavior,improving positive attitude of large-scale pig farmers towards cleaner production,strengthening external regulations and reinforcing subject endowment had positive influence on degree of cognition.Acting on formation and improvement of behavior and ultimately reducing pollution of pig breeding led to achievable economic and environmental benefits.