OEM汽车涂装车间技术的环境生命周期评价(二)

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of OEM Automotive Paint Shop Technologies(Ⅱ)

生命周期评价(LCA)是一种评价产品系统的环境影响和环境权衡的标准化方法。伊士曼化工公司完成了一项"从涂料到成品车涂装"的LCA研究,在该研究中,比较了5种有代表性的OEM汽车涂装车间工艺配置的温室气体(GHG)影响和挥发性有机化合物(VOC)排放性能。涂装车间数据由IHS提供。这些工艺配置包括:1)三涂两烘(3C2B)水性(WB)底色漆和1K罩光清漆;2)3C2B WB底色漆和2K罩光清漆;3)3C2B低固含溶剂型底色漆和1K罩光清漆;4)三涂一烘(3C1B)高固含溶剂型底色漆和1K罩光清漆;5)3C1B WB底色漆和1K罩光清漆。本研究的目标是通过比较通用工艺技术类别来帮助理解差异和制定决策。本研究的结论是,3C1B高固含溶剂型工艺可以实现最低的GHG释放量,同时达到欧洲现行的VOC排放限值35 g/m2。但是,如果世界上某些地区的OEM选择不采用VOC减排技术,那么为了达到排放限值35g/m2,需要采用WB技术。这项LCA研究表明,高固含溶剂型技术是对环境影响最小,有利于可持续性发展的技术,建议政策制定者和利益相关者予以考虑。

LCA is a tool well-suited to assessing environmental issues for different paint shop technology options. In this study, Eastman studies LCA from coatings to car body painting. Five representative OEM paint shop technologies which influence GHG and VOC emissions are introduced: 1) 3 coat – 2 bake(3C2B) waterborne(WB) base coat and 1K clear coat; 2) 3C2 B WB base coat and 2K clear coat; 3) 3C2 B low solventborne base coat and 1K clear coat; 4) 3 coat-1bake(3C1B) high solid content solventborne base coat and 1K clear coat; 5) 3C1 B WB base coat and 1K clear coat. Through comparisons and study results, strategies can be made by decision makers. Results show that 3C1 B high solid content solventborne technology has lowest GHG emission and satisfied the VOC emission limit value in Europe(35 g/m2). In some regions, if VOC abatement technology is not adopted, for reaching VOC emission limit value(35 g/m2), WB technology needs to be adopted. Through LCA study, high solid content solventborne technology is proved to be environmentally friendly and it is suggested that regulation makers consider about it.