汉语非常规“被”字句的句法推导

The Syntactic Derivation of Non-canonical Bei-sentences in Chinese

在汉语非常规"被"字句中,"被"字后面的成分既可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词,甚至还可以是名词、形容词、数量词、字母以及百分比等。本文以语段理论为基础,试图论证这类非常规的"被"字句与常规"被"字句以相同的方式进行结构推导。在带施事的"被"字句中,其中后接施事的"被"作为介词,与施事合并形成介词短语;另一个具有显性标记的"被"则作为轻动词替换v位置上的一个隐性的及物轻动词,不及物性的"被"作为一个强词缀吸引后接的实义动词,使其从V移位至v并粘着于"被"字之后,完成对实义动词的被动化操作,而第二个"被"字在进入语音界面时被同音删除。在施事省略"被"字句中,只存在轻动词"被"字。

In Chinese non-canonical bei-sentences,the immediate following constituents behind the element bei can be transitive verbs,or intransitive verbs,or words of other classes like nouns,adjectives,quantifiers,letters and percentages.Based on Phase Theory,this paper argues that Chinese non-canonical bei-sentences and canonical bei-sentences are syntactically derived in the same way.In the bei-sentences with the agent,the element bei,as a preposition,merges with the agent to form a prepositional phrase;the element bei,being an overt passive marker,functions as a light verb and in the process of passivization it replaces the covert transitive light verb in the position of v.The intransitive light verb bei,as a strong affix,attracts the lexical verb to move from V to v,and thus completing the passivization of the lexical verb.The second bei should be deleted in the phonetic component as the result of haplology.In the agentless bei-sentences,there is only the light verb bei.