围肝门外科技术治疗侵犯肝门胆囊癌的策略

Application of perihilar surgical techniques in gallbladder cancer invading hepatic hilum

侵犯肝门的胆囊癌兼有胆囊癌的生物学特性与肝门胆管癌的临床特点,具有肝门显露困难、切除器官多、合并肝门血管的切除与重建、胆肠吻合复杂、受肝脏功能制约等治疗难点,导致根治性切除率低,手术难度大、风险高,手术并发症发生率高,围手术期病死率高。围肝门外科技术体系通过精准的术前三维影像学评估和肝功能评估,采用顺逆结合的肝门显露路径,有利于术中再评估,能提高R0切除率,提高血管切除与吻合的安全性与质量,提高胆肠吻合的质量,降低围手术期并发症发生率与病死率。应重视围肝门外科技术与肿瘤学的结合,筛选手术获益人群。

Gallbladder cancer invading hepatic hilum has both the biological characteristics of gallbladder cancer and the clinical features of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. There are a series of therapeutic difficulties such as difficult exposure of hepatic hilum, multiple organ resection, resection and reconstruction of hilar vessels, complex cholangiojejunostomy and liver functional restriction, which result in low radical resection rate, difficulty in operation, high operative risk, more postoperative complications and perioperative mortality. The perihiliar surgical technique system adopts accurate preoperative three-dimensional imaging evaluation and liver function evaluation, and completely exposes hepatic hilum via combining anterograde and retrograde route from extra and intra-hepatic direction to hepatic hilum, which is beneficial to intraoperative re-evaluation. It can improve the R0 resection rate, quality of vascular resection and reconstruction, quality of cholangiojejunostomy, and reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. Surgeons should pay attention to the combination of perihiliar surgical technique and oncology in order to screen which patients will benefit from operation.