不可移动文物保护技术与法律的双重维系

Technique and Law:Double Insurance for Unmovable Cultural Relics Conservation

我国特有的文物集体所有权形式,决定了集体所有的不可移动文物在法律保护过程中面临特殊的困境。随着第三次全国文物普查工作的完成,越来越多的不可移动文物被纳入集体所有的范畴,保护现状却令人担忧。不可移动文物权属不清和所有权主体不明确等问题影响了文物依法保护工作的成效,造成有法难依的不良后果。要解决集体所有不可移动文物法律保护方面的问题,更好地对其进行保护和管理,核心是要做到两个平衡——"私有"与"公物"之间的平衡、"集体利益"和集体内部各个成员利益之间的平衡,并在此基础上推动相关法律制度的设置进程。

With the completion of the third national cultural relics survey,more cultural properties have been designated to be collective property.However,being owned by collectivity engenders obstacles for the proper conservation of the properties,which are still ambiguous in terms of right of ownership.The law of cultural relics,therefore,encounters difficulties for effective implementation.The solution to this problem is to balance two relationships- between private and public goods,and between collective interest and individual interests.On the basis of the two balances,relevant legal institution could be established.