电镀园区与分散电镀企业的职业病危害控制效果比较

Comparison of control effects of occupational hazards in electroplating industrial park and dispersed electroplating enterprises

目的分析和比较电镀园区与分散电镀企业职业病危害防治效果。方法采用职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、检查表法等方法对惠州市某电镀园区的19家电镀企业基本情况、主要原辅材料、生产工艺、主要职业病危害因素、防护设施、个人防护用品、职业卫生管理措施、应急救援措施等进行调查和评价,以17家分散电镀企业作为对照进行比较。结果电镀园区的化学危害因素综合合格率(97.8%)、高温检测合格率(82.8%)高于分散电镀企业(87.8%、72.5%),职业病防护设施设置符合率均高于分散电镀企业,职业卫生管理状况的各项内容符合率均明显高于分散电镀企业。结论入园区集中管理的电镀企业在职业病危害控制和职业卫生管理方面明显优于分散管理企业,建议本市继续大力推行电镀园区或工业园的建设。

Objective To analyze and compare the effects of occupational hazards prevention and control between electroplating parks and scattered electroplating enterprises.Methods Occupational hygiene survey,occupational hygiene test and checklist method were used to analyze the basic situation,main raw and auxiliary materials,production technology,major occupational hazards,protective facilities,personal protective articles,occupational hygiene management measures,emergency rescue measures of 19 electroplating enterprises in Huizhou city.The investigation was carried out according to the relevant laws,regulations,standards and technical specifications,and 17 scattered electroplating enterprises were compared.Results The qualified rates of chemical hazards(97.8%)and high temperature detection(82.8%)in the electroplating park was higher than that in the dispersed electroplating enterprises(87.8%,72.5%),the compliance rate of occupational disease protection facilities was higher than that in the dispersed electroplating enterprises,and the compliance rate of occupational health management was significantly higher than that in the dispersed electroplating enterprises.Conclusion The centralized management of electroplating enterprises is superior to the decentralized management in occupational hazard control and occupational health management.It is suggested that the construction of electroplating parks or industrial parks should be carried out vigorously.