均衡行政与自治:农村基本建制单位选择逻辑

Balancing Between Administration and Self-governance: Choices and Logics for Grassroots Governance Units in Rural China

农村基层治理单元的设置是一个大问题,既要考虑村民自治,又要考虑行政效率,而且还要考虑两者之间的均衡。基层治理单元受制于两个因素:一是经济发展水平;二是行政与自治的均衡。随着经济发展水平提高,基层治理单元会逐渐扩大,这是一个发展的趋势。但是在具体的设置方面却需要考虑行政与自治的均衡:如果经济发达,可以通过行政自治取代社会自治;如果经济欠发达,行政单元与自治单元可以分设;如果自治传统相当浓厚,可以保留自治单元;如果行政单元与自治单元重合,两者可以合并设置,但是两者的功能不能互相取代。

The setting of rural grassroots governance units is one major problem concerning not only village self-governance and efficiency of administration, but also the balance between these two aspects. As presented by the paper, the setting of grassroots governance units is determined by two factors: 1) economic development level;2) the balance between administration and self-governance. It is popular tendency that grassroots governance units have been expanding with economic development. However, the problem of balancing between administration and self-governance should be taken into consideration in the process of configuration of grassroots governance units. In economically developed regions, administrative selfgovernance can cover grassroots self-governance function, while, in developing regions, a separation between self-governance units, and administrative units is recommended: self-governance units can be sustained in communities with time-honored tradition of self-governance, while, if administrative units, and selfgovernance units overlap to a large extent, the two units can be merged without administrative, and selfgovernment functions replacing each other.