天津民俗文化刍议

A Brief Talk on the Culture of the Folk Custom in Tianjin

天津民俗文化可分为上、中、下三个干流,分别为统治阶级、市民阶层和下层劳动者创造和享用的文化。天津民俗文化发轫于建城以前,兴盛于开埠前后,成熟于近代百年。影响天津民俗文化的形成因素有三个方面。一是自然生态。河、海交会是天津民俗文化形成的最大环境优势。二是经济发展。漕运、芦盐带动天津商业,市民阶层的逐渐壮大,使代表市民价值观念和具有浓重市民文化色彩的城市民俗进一步发展。三是社会环境。作为军事卫所,天津具有浓重的军旅气息,造就天津"俗尚武健"的市民性格。所谓"无论贫富,见义必为,饶有古遗风"。天津民俗文化长期处于一种碰撞、调试、吸纳、融合的运动状态,突出一个"杂"字。许多外地民俗文化一旦移植到天津,很快会被吸纳,形成具有天津特色的文化现象。近代天津开埠,为西方文化与中国传统文化在天津都市中的碰撞和融合创造了条件。挖掘天津民俗文化,不仅描述出天津丰富的民俗盛景,而且力图使它产生现代效应,为天津的精神文明建设服务。

The Culture of the folk custom in Tianjin can be divided into three level upper level, middle level and lower level. They serve for the ruling class, urban inhabitants and labor people respectively. They created before the establishment of Tianjin city, developed during the period of the establishment and ripe in the recent one hundred years. The facts influenced the culture of the folk custom in Tianjin are 1. Natural condition that Tianjin is the place where the Haihe River and Bohai sea meet. 2. The development of the economy that the river transport and product of salt in Changlu improve the business in Tianjin city. 3. Social environment in which there is strong military feelings because Tianjin at that time was a military camp.