环境香烟烟雾暴露与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的相关性研究

Correlation between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children

目的了解注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童与正常儿童环境香烟烟雾(environmental tobacco smoke,ETS)暴露情况的差异,分析ETS与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的相关性。方法本研究采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,通过调查问卷进行相关数据的采集,应用χ2检验的统计方法分析病例与对照的差异,了解ETS与ADHD的相关性。双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 ADHD组儿童母孕期被动吸烟率为48.75%,儿童自身环境香烟烟雾暴露率为40.00%,均高于正常对照组的28.75%和22.50%,χ2=2.36、5.70,P均<0.05;ADHD的影响因素还包括父母亲的文化程度、家庭和睦程度、儿童的出生方式、儿童性格类型、儿童偏食和饮食不规律,χ2=7.76、4.26、6.64、5.23、19.91、9.20、6.74,P均<0.05。结论母孕期和儿童自身的环境香烟烟雾暴露均是ADHD的重要危险因素,应采取相应的控烟措施,禁止公共场所吸烟行为,这有利于减少孕妇和儿童受二手烟的危害。

Objective To study the correlation between environmental tobacco smoke(ETS)exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in children. Methods A 1∶1matched case-control study was conducted to uncover the correlation between ETS and ADHD.Data were collected by means of questionnaire survey and was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results The passive smoking rate of mothers during pregnancy and environmental cigarette smoke exposure rate of children were 48.75%and 40.00%,both were higher compared to controls which were 28.75% and 22.50%(P<0.05).Factors as education of parents,family harmony,birth delivery,children′s personality,dietary bias and irregular eating habit were all related to ADHD. Conclusions Passive smoking of mothers during pregnancy and children′s environmental cigarette smoke exposure are major risk factors of ADHD.Therefore,to quit smoking and ban smoking in public areas are critical ways to protect children from ADHD.