围生期母亲健康素养对早产相关影响因素研究

The effect of health literacy in perinatal period of premature mothers on related factors of preterm delivery

目的探讨早产儿母亲围生期的健康素养对早产相关因素的影响。方法选取2017年9月至2018年3月在宁夏3家三级甲等综合医院及1家三级甲等专科医院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)住院的并满足纳入标准的早产儿母亲为研究对象。采用现场调查的方法,应用围生期孕妇健康素养量表对满足纳入排除标准的早产儿母亲进行调查。按照健康素养得分分为A组和B组。比较两组早产儿母亲早产相关因素的发生率,探讨早产相关因素的影响。结果早产儿母亲围生期健康素养总分为(164.57±17.36)分,具备健康素养者191人(33.39%),不具备健康素养者381人(66.61%);发生早产相关因素人数389例(68.01%),其中,导致发生早产的前三位因素是胎膜早破(43.88%)、胎盘早剥(26.57%)和前置胎盘(19.23%);A组的早产儿母亲胎膜早破、胎盘早剥和阴道流血的发生率均低于B组(P<0.05)。年龄、文化程度、健康素养、是否定期产检影响早产相关因素的发生(P<0.05)。结论围生期健康素养影响早产相关因素的发生。因此,围生期孕妇应加强功能性健康素养、互动性健康素养及批判性健康素养3个层面培养,通过自主学习结合医务人员指导、参加产前教育活动等多种途径提升围生期健康素养,促进自身和婴儿健康。

Objective To explore the effect of health literacy in the perinatal period of premature mothers on related factors of preterm delivery.Methods The mother′s of premature intants selected from NICU in four lospitals in Ningita from September 2017 to march 2018.Mothers of premature infants satisfied with the inclusive and exclusive criterion were selected and investigated with the Perinatal Maternal Health Literacy Scaleby means of filed survey.Mothers with the score of the perinatal maternal health literacy scale no less than 204 points were marked as with health literacy group(group A),and mothers with the score less than 204 were marked as without health literacy group(group B).Then compared the incidence of related factors of preterm delivery in two groups and explored the factors which could affect preterm delivery.Results The total score of perinatal health literacy of mothers of premature infants was(164.57±17.36).people with health literacy was 191(33.39%)and without health literacy was 381(66.61%).The number of related factors of preterm deliverywas 389 cases(68.01%)and the top three causes of premature delivery were premature rupture of fetal membranes(43.88%),Placental abruption(26.57%)and placenta previa(19.23%).The premature mothersin Group A had a lower incidence in premature rupture of membrane,placental abruption and vaginal bleedingthan the group B(P<0.05),Age,educational level,health literacy and regular or irregular examination affected the incidence rateofprematuredelivery(P<0.05).Conclusions Preterm health literacy affects the occurrence of related factors of preterm delivery.Therefore,pregnant women in the perinatal period should strengthen the development of functional health literacy,interactive health literacy and critical health literacy.Through active learning,the guidance of medical staff,prenatal education activities and other ways to improve health literacy in the perinatal period,ultimately promote the maternal and infantile health.