我国公众食源性疾病患病情况调查

The prevalence of food-borne diseases in China

目的探讨我国公众食源性疾病患病情况及其危险因素,为开展食源性疾病防治工作提供参考依据。方法 2016年12月至2017年3月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法对全国4 575名受访者进行问卷调查,并对数据进行单因素和多因素分析。结果本研究共回收4 408份有效问卷,公众回顾性调查食源性疾病患病率56.51%。21~岁年龄组受访者食源性疾病患病率高于其他年龄组,城镇受访者食源性疾病患病率高于农村,随着文化程度、家庭人均月收入水平的升高,公众食源性疾病患病率呈现上升趋势;不同的年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、常住地、职业类型、家庭人均月收入、恩格尔系数、是否生吃鸡蛋、是否生吃水产品、肉类、是否生吃蔬菜水果以及是否在大型超市、是否在便利店、是否在农贸市场、是否在路边摊点购买食物在公众食源性疾病患病情况上差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,城镇(OR=1.50, 95%CI:1.32~1.70)、生吃水产品、肉类(OR=2.16, 95%CI:1.88~2.48)、生吃蔬菜水果(OR=1.45, 95%CI:1.24~1.69)和在街头摊点购买食物(OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.56~2.02)是影响公众患食源性疾病的危险因素。结论我国公众食源性疾病患病率较高,应针对城镇居民开展公共卫生健康教育,加强水产品、肉类、蔬菜水果等食品的卫生监管,加大供应商销售点监督力度将有助于有效防控食源性疾病的发生。

Objective To understand the prevalence of foodborne diseases and its risk factors in China and to provide references for the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases.Methods We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 4 575 residents randomly selected from 60 counties or districts across China using stratified multistage sampling method between December 2016 and March 2017.We adopted univariate and multivariate statistics in data analyses.Results A total of 4 408 valid questionnaires were retrieved,retrospective review showed an overall prevalence of 56.51%for foodborne diseases.The prevalence was higher among participants in 21-30 age group and among urban participants compared to those in other age groups and from rural areas.With the increase of education level and family income per capita,the prevalence of foodborne diseases was on the rise.The results of univariate analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of foodborne diseases varied significantly by age,marital status,educational level,permanent residence,occupation,family income per capita,Engel’s coefficient,eating uncooked eggs,aquatic products,meat,vegetables and buying food in large supermarket,at convenience store,in farmer’s market and at roadside food-carts(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urban residents(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.32-1.70),eating uncooked aquatic products and meat(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.88-2.48),eating contaminated fruits and vegetables(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.24-1.69)and buying food at roadside food-carts(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.56-2.02)were risk factors for foodborne diseases.Conclusions The prevalence of foodborne diseases in China is still high.Public health education should be enhanced especially among urban residents.Meanwhile,food as aquatic product,meat,vegetable,fruit has to be closely monitored to prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases.