利用电子标签技术研究中华蜜蜂冬季出巢活动规律

The out hive activity of honeybee (Apis cerana cerana) in winter using RFID

蜜蜂采集行为对农作物的授粉和蜂群的生存和发展都非常重要。为探究中华蜜蜂在冬季的出巢活动规律,本研究利用电子标签技术对新出房的工蜂进行标记,进而持续跟踪检测这些标记蜜蜂一生的出巢活动情况。结果表明,中华蜜蜂羽化后1星期内就会首次出巢,随后的2个星期内每天会进行一次认巢飞行,之后进入真正的采集飞行。中华蜜蜂的寿命不同个体之间差异较大,平均为48天,天敌、气候等是影响中华蜜蜂寿命的最主要因素。冬季中华蜜蜂出巢活动受气候因素的影响较大。一般出巢活动时间为半小时,出巢活动之间在巢内的时间为20分钟。本研究系统的研究了冬季中华蜜蜂一生的出巢采集活动规律,对了解中华蜜蜂的出巢采集行为、相关的生物学特性以及授粉实践等都具有积极的作用。

Honeybee foraging behavior is important for crop pollination,and for colony survival and development.To detect the foraging behavior of honeybee Apis cerana cerana in winter,the fresh molting honeybees were electronic labeled and their foraging behavior were continuously monitored for whole life using the radio frequency identification technique.The results showed that the first out hive activity of honeybee happened in one week after molting,and would fly once everyday for the next two weeks,then,they would enter into the real collecting foraging.Life of bees is different among individuals,the mean is 48 days old.Natural enemy and the weather condition were the critical factors affecting honeybee's life.The foraging activity in winter was significantly affected by weather.Time of foraging lasting was about 30 minutes,and they would stay in hive for about 20 minutes between two foraging.The work systematically and detail detected the foraging behavior of Apis cerana cerana in winter.This will be helpful for understanding honeybee's foraging behavior,related biologic characteristic and directing honeybee for crop pollination.