俄罗斯蜜蜂保种群的遗传标识码:基因组微卫星标记谱图

Marker Pattern of Genomic Microsatellite as A Genetic Identification Code of Russian Honeybee Stalk

俄罗斯蜜蜂是欧洲人大约在十九世纪中期向俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克及其周边海冰边疆(即俄罗斯远东地区)移居时带入的西方蜜蜂;欧洲黑蜂在欧洲向东方向的地理分布极限地域是位于俄罗斯西部平原(欧洲部分)与东部高原、山地(亚洲部分)之间的乌拉尔山脉,即俄罗斯中部地区。为了初步揭示俄罗斯蜜蜂与欧洲黑蜂之间的遗传关系,本研究通过聚合酶链反应体外扩增基因组微卫星标记的方法,对俄罗斯远东地区采样点的俄罗斯蜜蜂(俄罗斯当地人称之为俄罗斯远东黑蜂)和俄罗斯中部地区采样点的欧洲黑蜂(俄罗斯当地人称之为俄罗斯中部蜜蜂)进行了比对分析。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的结果显示,绝大多数蜜蜂样本在11个基因组微卫星位点均出现等位序列条带,两种蜜蜂样本的等位序列条带数构成了各自特有的基因组微卫星DNA等位序列标记谱图。这提示,俄罗斯蜜蜂样本的基因组微卫星DNA等位序列标记谱图作为俄罗斯蜜蜂保种群的遗传标识码,很可能具有特异性(相对于欧洲黑蜂样本的基因组微卫星DNA等位序列标记谱图)。

Russian honeybee,described in literature as Apis mellifera in Coastal Primorski region around Vladivostok,Asian Far East,is not native but was moved there by European settlers in the mid 1800's.Apis mellifera mellifera,known from all of northern Europe,is considered to extend to the Ural mountains,where its eastern limit also falls together with the eastern border of Apis mellifera as a species.The central area in Russia is between the Western areas,most of which consist of vast plains,and the Eastern areas,most of which consist of rolling plateaus and many mountains.To reveal preliminary genetic relation of Russian honeybee and Apis mellifera mellifera,a comparative analysis of genomic microsatellite was carried out by polymerase chain reaction method between samples collected from both apiaries of Apis mellifera in Coastal Primorski region around Vladivostok and those of Apis mellifera mellifera in the Ural mountains.It was found through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that,first of all,a majority of samples were amplified with DNA bands at each of 11 microsatellite DNA loci,and furthermore,both samples are with their respective marker patterns of amplified DNA bands at the microsatellite loci.It is suggested that marker pattern of amplified DNA bands at the test microsatellite loci in samples of Russian honeybee as a genetic identification code might be special to stalk of Russian honeybee,compared with marker pattern of amplified DNA bands at test microsatellite loci in samples of Apis mellifera mellifera).