摘要
蜜蜂微孢子虫已被确认为是导致世界性蜜蜂损失的重要病原之一。因商业目的导致不同地区蜂种栖息地扩张与重叠,使两种原寄主分别为东、西方蜜蜂的微孢子虫(东方蜜蜂微孢子虫和西方蜜蜂微孢子虫)得以在不同蜂种间传播。新病原的入侵在对当地蜜蜂资源造成威胁的同时,外来蜂种成为地区性病害传播的媒介。而迁徙性的蜜蜂饲养模式进一步将这种不利影响放大,进而威胁整个养蜂业的持续发展。研究数据显示,东方蜜蜂微孢子虫在人工饲养蜂群中已取代西方蜜蜂微孢子虫成为优势寄种群,但在自然条件下这两种蜜蜂微孢子虫如何作用饲养蜂群的相关数据缺乏。对东、西方蜜蜂混合饲养蜂场和山区东方蜜蜂隔离蜂场的蜜蜂样本进行两种蜜蜂微孢子虫PCR特异性检测,仅检出东方蜜蜂微孢子虫,且西方蜜蜂蜂群微孢子虫感染率高于东方蜜蜂,混合饲养蜂场东方蜜蜂蜂群微孢子虫感染率高于山区东方蜜蜂隔离蜂场感染率。
Nosema is one of primary pathogen that leads to world-wide bee colony loss. Two species nosema, which originated different hosts, disseminated among honey bee species, because several honey bee species' habitats have been outspreaded and overlapped by commercial beekeeping. New pathogens of introduced Apis mellifera buildup super biotic stress to local honey bee population. Meanwhile, alien bee species also become a new vector of regional pathogens. The local disease is amplified by modern beekeeping's migration and hinders apiculture development. Study shows that Nosema ceranae has replaced Nosema apis in feeding bee colony. The data is limited about the interaction among two species nosema and diverse bee species in nature. Infection ratio of the two nosema was explored with PCT in an apiary that Apis mellifera and Apis cerana were bred together. Only Nosema ceranae was detected. Infection ratio of Apis mellifera is significant higher than Apis ceranae. The infection rate of mix species apiary is higher to one species breeding apiary.
出处
《中国蜂业》
2014年第Z4期18-21,共4页
Apiculture of China
基金
现代农业(蜜蜂)产业技术体系建设专项基金(项目编号:CARS-45-kxj14)
