关于对“不当出生”诉讼案件的伦理学探讨

Discussion about the ethics of "wrongful birth" lawsuits

"不当出生"是指医疗机构或医务人员在产前咨询或产前诊断过程中,因未尽到注意义务向孕妇夫妇提供了关于胎儿的不准确甚至错误的诊断信息,使之误认为胎儿健康且没有缺陷,最终却产下具有先天缺陷的婴儿。从20世纪60年代以来,"不当出生"诉讼案件不断出现,但对于此类诉讼仍然存在诸多法律上和伦理上的争议。该文以成都武侯区法院审理的一件"不当出生"诉讼案为例,从伦理学的角度,对其中所涉及的"知情权"和"生育自由"等伦理学问题进行了分析,并从道义论和后果论的角度对该判决的合理性做出评判,以期为"不当出生"问题的合理解决寻找有益的思路,为法律的适用寻找合理的参考。

Wrongful birth was defined as congenital defect infant born with wrong or incomplete embryo health information by medical staff in prenatal examination. Since 1960 's, wrongful birth court cases have occurred increasingly. In fact, there is still controversy on this type of cases. Based on the analysis of a case on wrongful birth, from the ethical point of view, this paper discusses the right to know and reproductive freedom. And, from the deontology and consequentialist perspective, the paper analyzes the reasonableness and unreasonableness of this court decision in order to find more reasonable ideas to solve such problems and give reference for law suits.