从零和博弈到相互增权:中国社团发展政策的新思维

From the Zero-sum Game to Mutual Empowerment:The New Thinking of the Social Group Development Policy in China

就国家与社会的关系而言,有一种零和博弈的思维,认定社会组织的活跃只能导致国家的衰落,或者国家能力的强大只会导致公民社会的赢弱。因此,国家对公民社会的发展持防范态度,而公民社会的推动者们往往主张国家退出,追求民间组织获得完全独立于国家的自主性。然而,国际学术界中比较发展的最新研究表明,国家与社会可以相互增权、相得益彰、和谐发展。本文力图对相关理论文献和国际实践加以梳理和剖析,并且以此为基础,主张国家不能简单地退出,而是应该发挥自身的优势,促进公民社会的能力建设,推动公民社会与国家的协同发展。

With regard to the relationship between the state and the society,there exists a zero-sum game thought,which believes that dynamic social organization can only lead to the decline of the state,or that strong state capacity lead to the fragility of civil society.Therefore,the state keeps the development of civil society away,while the propellents of civil society often claim that the state should be dropped out,so that the NGO can be completely independent of the state.However,according to the new achievement of international comparative development,the state and the society may empower to each other.This essay tries to systematize the relative literature and analysis the international practice.And base on this,we advocate that the state should not leave in a nut shell,but make use of its advantage to impel the construction of civil society capacity,and the cooperative development of civil society and the state.