论中国农民工政策范式的转变

On the Paradigmatic Changes of the Peasant Workers for in China

从20世纪80年代末到90年代,针对农民工的大量出现,政府主管部门制定了一系列名为有序引导,实为限制流动的政策,并运用经济、法律、行政等手段对农民工流动进行控制。这种政策范式未能体现城乡二元结构转变的社会意义,不符合市场经济的改革方向和市场化就业运行机制,更严重的是造成农民工恶劣的生存状况和低下的社会地位,这与他们做出的巨大贡献极不相称。随着农民工群体发展壮大,问题的重要性和紧迫性日益显现。此时,国家树立了以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展观,把农民工放在解决'三农'问题的框架内看待,积极进行政策调整,出台了一系列新政策。本文通过翔实的材料,对新旧政策进行对比,梳理政策变迁过程,显示出中国农民工政策范式的转变。

The peasant workers are a new stratum resulted from the market-oriented economic reform and industrialization process in China since the late 1970 s.In the last quarter of the last century,the policy goal of the Chinese government was to control and limit the flow of peasants from villages to cities.To that end,authority-based policy instruments were employed.However,the administrative forces were defeated by market forces as the rural-urban migration becomes an irresistible tendency in the context of marketization and urbanization.More importantly,the exclusive policy implemented by the government has imposed an institutional discrimination against migrant workers,and made them the underclass in cities.Entering into the new century,a new policy paradigm is taking shape in the field of migrant workers.Many elements have contributed to the emergence of the new paradigm,among others,the numerous amount of migrant workers and their magnitude in manufacturing sector and tertiary sector,the political succession and the formation of the new central leadership,and more importantly,the new governing philosophy based on the principle of people-centeredness and the perception of the scientific approach to development.Based on the wide review of the relevant literature,this paper aims to outline the process of policy changes in the field of peasant worker from a comparative perspective.