社会权利的历史分形与当代整合

The Historical Divergences and Contemporary Convergence of Social Rights

社会权利是公民身份权利的基本组成部分,旨在保障公民的基本生存权。通过与国家政权、民族主义、资本主义等因素的组合,社会权利在历史上表现出不同的模式。19世纪后半期,社会权利与民族主义、威权政权的结合催生了德国威权主义的社会权利模式,社会权利在其中同时发挥着改善人民生活和提高威权主义政治合法性的功能。自由资本主义的社会权利模式是社会权利与资本主义之间的依附性组合,社会权利通过扭曲自身的价值取向而服务于资本主义的发展需要。福利国家模式则体现为社会权利与资本主义的对决性组合,社会权利在国家政权的保护下与资本主义处于'战争'的状态。20世纪晚期至今出现的全球化、后民族国家和后工业主义等社会变迁使社会权利表现出整合发展的趋势,吉登斯的积极福利思想反映了这一趋势。

Social right is one of the basic elements of citizenship rights.The aim of the social right is to guarantee people’s survival rights.Through the combination with regime,nationalism and capitalism,social right exhibits different existing models in history.In the second half of 19 th century,after social right combined with nationalism and authoritarian regime,it exhibited an authoritarian model in which social rights performed both functions of improving people’s life and promoting legitimacy of the authoritarian regime.Liberal capitalism model of social right was the production of the adhering combination between social right and capitalism in which the former distorted its own value to serve the latter’s development.And welfare state model was the antagonistic combination between social right and capitalism in which social right got the regime’s protection and set itself in a’warlike’relationship with the capitalism.In the late 20 th century,the trends of globalization,post-nation state and post-industrialisation drove the social right into a convergent development orbit which reflected by Anthony Giddens’positive welfare thought.