政府购买服务与社会管理创新——以广州市“购买服务”为例

Purchase of Services and Social Management Innovation——A Case Study of Guangzhou

随着经济不断发展及社会急剧转变,逐渐衍生出各种社会问题及个人需要,社会服务的需要激增。社会服务,也称社会福利服务、个人社会服务或社会照顾服务,是公共服务和社会建设的重要内容,也是社会保障(社会福利)体系的重要组成部分、社会福利水平的衡量标志。同时,社会福利服务更是现代政府必须承担的责任。由于社会服务范围广泛,若政府像计划经济时期一样,完全包办所有服务,必将导致政府架构的无限膨胀及行政效率的低下。正是基于对政府职能转变必要性的充分认识,广州市积极创新社会管理,大力培育社会组织,鼓励并引导社会组织参与社会服务递送,实现对政府社会管理、社会服务责任的分担。本文从广州经验出发,尝试探讨在政府购买服务过程中,政府与社会组织合作以及各自应该扮演怎样的角色、承担怎样的责任,以满足社会需要、促进社会发展。

In China,the constant economic development and deep social changes have brought about various social problems and social needs,which necessitates the responses of social services.Social services,also known as social welfare services,personal social services or social care,are an important component of public services and the integral part of the social security(welfare) system.To provide social welfare services is the responsibility of modern governments.However,due to the large scale of social services,the government would be overloaded and its administrative efficiency would be lower,if all these services were undertaken by the government.To make the provision of social services more efficient and more effective,the municipal government of Guangzhou has tried to make use of social organizations to provide social services.In doing so,the municipal government has made efforts to cultivate more social organizations,encourage and guide them to deliver social services,and share with them the responsibility of social management and social services.Based on Guangzhou’s experiences in making use of social organizations to provide social services,this article attempts to explore the respective roles,responsibilities and interactions of both the government and social organizations in delivering social services.