全球史观下的中国社会保险(1949—1978)

China’s Social Insurance in a Global Historical Perspective(1949—1978)

现有关于福利国家和社会保险的研究,局限在特定国家的社会、经济和政治背景之下,从而忽视了全球模式在一国社会政策产生演变中的作用。本文通过对福利国家的概念理论,尤其是'社会权利'的简要分析,运用全球史观对中国劳动保险(1949—1978)的兴衰进行了研究。本文将中国20世纪社会保险的发展置于全球社会保险运动的背景之下,即两大社会保险模式(德国资本主义模式和苏联社会主义模式)自19世纪80年代以来在全球的传播。中国在1951年采纳苏联社会保险模式建立了自己的劳动保险制度。然而,苏式劳动保险制度在中国国内政治环境下的实施则是一个失败,大跃进以及'文化大革命'等群众运动最终摧毁了这一劳动保险制度。最后,本文探讨了有关中国社会保险的经验对理解20世纪中国历史的意义。

The existing studies on the welfare state are predominantly national structural analyses,ignoring the role of global models on the origins and evolution of a certain system.After discussing the basic concepts and theories of the welfare state,especially the notion of social rights,this study applies a global historical perspective in studying China’s labor insurance(1949—1978).This study puts China’s social insurance in the twentieth century in a global context,which was the spread of two social insurance models(the German capitalist and Soviet socialist models)around the world.China’s labor insurance was a copy of the Soviet model,but it’s implementation was a failure,given the constraints of China’s political environment.The labor insurance was weakened in the Great Leap Forward and further destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.Finally,the study explores how China’s experience of social insurance may expand our understanding of twentieth-century China.