执行的反思和重构:变革时代的国家治理

Refection and Reconstruction of Implementation:State Governing in the Era of Transformation

执行是现代国家治理的基础,强大的执行在任何时候都是定义良政善治的首要要素。然而,当前兴起于政策领域的执行研究,不仅因为视野狭隘而无法管窥国家治理的全部内容,而且还因发育不良而无法应对治理变革的挑战。通过历史的审视和重构可以发现,作为国家治理基础性活动的执行,实际上伴随着现代民族国家的建构及其治理变迁的全过程。在这个大致从'主权政治'迈向'生命政治'的发展过程中,伴随着民族国家功能形态及其治理安排上的每一次变化,执行活动的性质、内容和方式都会产生重大的调整。在此逻辑下,当前处在治理变革中的执行,其实质是在福利国家的功能形态下,通过网络化的治理安排实现安全机制的有效运转。在这个过程中,执行活动必须获得一种相互嵌入的能力,从而将国家组织与社会网络有效地整合起来,以应对日益复杂的治理要求。

Implementation or execution is the basis of modern state governing,and the strong execution is the primary factor to define good governance at any time.However,the current research of implementation in policy area can neither cover all the contents of national governance nor deal with the challenges of transformation.From the historical review,we can find that implementation is in existence as the basic course of state governing throughout the whole process of the modern nation-building and the all stages of governing changes.In the development course from the sovereign politics to biopolitics,along with the change in the national state function and its governing arrangements,the nature,content and way of implementation must be alternated.With this logic,implementation in current governance reform is essentially a function of the welfare state and focuses on the effective operation of the security mechanism,which is realized through the management of social networks.In this process,implementation must have a mutual embedding capacity in order to integrate the state organization and social networks and cope with the increasingly complex governance requirements effectively.