农村养老:困境分析、模式选择与策略构想

Care for the Elderly in Rural China:Predicament Analysis,Model Selection and Coping Strategies

习近平总书记指出:'有效应对我国人口老龄化,事关国家发展全局,事关亿万百姓福祉。'城乡倒置、未富先老、未备先老是我国人口老龄化的基本形势判断。农村养老问题已引起党和政府以及社会各界的高度关注。本文在对农村养老的现实背景和制度背景分析的基础上,指出造成农村养老困境的根源是传统观念弱化、家庭责任转化、经营方式固化和农村产权异化,并深入探析了农村家庭养老、社区养老、制度养老、机构养老四种模式的内涵、存在问题及发展对策,提出了农村养老宜采取以家庭养老为基础、社区养老为依托、制度养老为支撑、机构养老为补充的多元化养老模式,策略选择上从权宜性、过渡性与长久性的目标考虑,宜分别采取短期、中期和长期三步走的发展路径。

Xi Jinping,the General Secretary of China,pointed out that it is related with the national development and people's welfare to deal with the challenges of aging population effectively.Inversion of urban and rural areas,getting old before getting rich and getting old before getting ready depict the basic situation of China's aging population.Rural old age security system has raised great attention from the Communist Party of China and the government.Based on the analysis of realistic and institutional background,this paper pointed out that the fundamental reasons for the rural old-age dilemma are weakening of traditional ideas,shifting of family responsibilities,ossification of opera-tional mode and alienation of rural property.And then we researched four kinds of supporting models for the elderly as family care,community supporting,institutional pension and organizational supporting.Rural pension system should be based on the family and community,supported by the institutionalized pension,and supplemented by organizational elderly support.As for the coping strategy,we recommend three steps as short-term,mid-term and long-term strategies.