话语何以重要?——话语性制度主义之政策分析

How Dose Discourse Matter?The Policy Analytical Frame of Discursive Institutionalism

新制度主义的理性选择、历史、社会学(组织)等范式,分别根据固定偏好、路径依赖及文化规范等核心概念,解释制度影响人类行为的机制。然而,偏重结构主义的思路,更适合解释静态的外部制约,而不易分析行动者的自发行动与主动对应制度环境之策略选择。此等论证困局引发新制度主义学者的辩论与反思,逐渐形成以理念效力为核心的话语性制度主义。该范式融汇语言学、诠释学、结构主义人类学与社会批判理论,旨在分析不同话语及其互动中所呈现的政策过程:行动者依循'沟通逻辑',于制度环境中进行理念阐联、话语形成与制度化,及至促成制度变迁。本文借由解析'话语性制度主义'发展脉络及研究途径,探讨此论之政策分析观点,及其如何裨益我国政策科学之问题取向与本土化。

Making use of the core concepts of fixed preference,path dependence and cultural norms,the paradigms of new institutionalism,such as rational choice,history and sociology(organization),attempt to explain the mechanism which affects human behavior.However,the emphasis on structuralism is more suitable to explain the static external constraints,and it is difficult to analyze the spontaneous action of the actors and the strategic choice of the active corresponding system environment.These difficulties lead to the debate and reflection of the neo-institutional scholars,and gradually form the discursive institutionalism(DI),which based on the effectiveness of ideas.The DI paradigm integrates linguistics,hermeneutics,structural anthropologyand social critical theory,and aims to analyze the policy process formed by different discourses and their interactions,In this process,the agents,following the'logic of communication logic'and within the institutional environment,conduct ideational articulation,discursive formation and institutionalization to promote institutional changes.By analyzing the context of DI development and its research approach,this paper aims to explore the policy analysis viewpoints of DI,and discuss how DI benefits the problem orientation and localization of the policy science in our country.