中国福利国家及其部门构造的规模、公平与可负担性

The Chinese Welfare State and Its Size,Distributive Justice,and Affordability

本文估算了中国福利国家的建设规模。2015年,我国的教育和社会公共支出占GDP比达14.7%,大体相当于日本和美国20世纪70年代末80年代初的水平,与我国目前的经济发展水平基本相适应。对我国福利部门的分析发现,按占GDP比重测量,我国在公共教育和养老上的公共支出规模已经接近OECD国家目前的平均水平,但在医疗公共支出规模上则处于较低的水平。此外,论文还揭示了我国教育、养老和医疗在公共支出结构上的不公平、行政管理成本较高等问题。

This paper estimates the scale of the Chinese welfare and its distributive justice.In 2015,China’s public social and educational spending accounted for 14.7 percent of GDP,which is equal to the level of the United States and Japan in the late 1970 sand early 1980 sand is in line with the China’s current economic development level.An analysis of the components of the Chinese welfare state indicates that China’s public spending on education and pension,measured by the share of GDP,is close to the average level of OECD countries,whereas that on health care is at a much lower level.In addition,the paper reveals distributive injustice and high administrative cost in China’s public spending on education,pension,and health care.