行为公共政策视角下的助推与助力:殊途同归

“Nudge” and “Boost” from the Behavioral Public Policy Perspective: All Roads Lead to Rome

近年来,行为科学在公共政策的制定和执行中获得广泛应用,催生出一种新的理论范式——行为公共政策。'助推'和'助力'作为行为公共政策的两大干预工具,分别代表了行为改变的不同因果路径。本文按照'认知基础—干预核心—效果评价'的政策逻辑,逐一对比助推和助力在这三个层面的差异;然后聚焦两者在养老、健康、医疗、就业、交通、环保六大公共政策民生领域的应用;在此基础上提出二者的关系模型,并探讨其内在的政治内涵及政策理念,即'自由家长主义'与'家长自由主义'。最终得出结论:行为公共政策视角下的助推和助力,各美其美,双璧交辉,殊途同归。

In recent years, behavioral science has been widely used in policy process, which has developed a new theoretical paradigm—Behavioral Public Policy(BPP). As two major intervention tools of BPP, 'nudge' and 'boost' represent different causal paths of behavior change. According to the policy logic of 'cognitive basis-intervention core-effect evaluation', we compare the differences of nudge and boost in three aspects. Then, we focus on the application of the nudge and boost in the six key areas of public policy: pension, health, medical care, employment, transportation and environmental protection. Last but not least, we put forward the relationship model of nudge and boost, and discuss its internal political implication, namely 'libertarian paternalism' and 'paternalistic liberalism'. The conclusion is that both nudge and boost from the BPP perspective can be combined.