基于钻石理论的中药产业国际贸易竞争力研究

Research on competitiveness of traditional Chinese medicine industry's international trade based on diamond theory

我国开展中药国际贸易历史悠久,出口的产品以中药材及饮片和提取物为主,中成药及保健品为辅,存在产品出口结构不均衡、贸易壁垒等问题。该文采用迈克尔·波特的钻石理论,分析我国中药产业的国际竞争力,发现在国际竞争中,我国的中药产业具有丰富的生产要素和广阔的需求条件,但缺乏相关及支持性产业。与欧美、日本植物药生产企业相比,企业战略和定位不清晰,同业竞争能力有待提高。随着国际植物药市场的发展、老龄化社会的到来和我国鼓励中医药产业发展政策的出台,中药产业迎来发展机遇。最后,该文提出立足临床研究,提升中药的国际认可度;加强国际标准建设,应对贸易壁垒;通过医药产业集聚形成规模经济,提升我国中药产品的国际竞争力。

China has a long history of the international trade of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).And the export products mainly composed of Chinese herbal medicine and its extracts with Chinese patent herbal medicine and health care products as complementary items.The international trade of TCM faces problems of structural disequilibrium in export products and trade barriers.In this study,we used Michael Porter’s diamond model to analyze the international competitiveness of TCM industry.We found that TCM industry in China was rich in production factors and broad in market demands,but lack of the related and supporting industries.In addition,compared with the herbal medicine manufacturers in European,American and Japanese,enterprises in China were weaker in the strategy making,market positioning and industry competing.The development of the international market of herbal medicine,the arrival of the aging society,and the introduced policies of the TCM,provide great opportunities for TCM industry’s development.In order to improve the competitiveness of the TCM industry,we propose to increase the international recognition of TCM by developing clinical study,cope with international trade barrier by strengthen international standardization research,and improve the competitiveness of TCM industry by economies of scale formed by the accumulation of the pharmaceutical industry.