多花黄精多糖与浸出物的时空变异规律

Temporal and spatial variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives of Polygonatum cyrtonema

为了解产地、生长年限、采收季节对多花黄精多糖和醇溶性浸出物含量的变化规律,通过采集全国多花黄精主要分布区25个种源(野生),每隔2个月采集1批次浙江庆元人工栽培的六年生黄精,采用蒽酮-硫酸法、醇溶性热浸法测定其多糖和醇溶性浸出物含量。结果表明,种源、生理年龄和采收季节均显著影响多花黄精多糖和浸出物含量:不同种源多糖质量分数为6. 96%～20. 09%,浸出物质量分数为32. 08%～78. 99%;二年生龄节多糖和浸出物含量最高,第3年积累总量最为丰富,其后随着龄节生理年龄的增加含量明显下降;在地上部分刚枯萎时根茎积累的多糖与浸出物含量最高,分别达到15. 39%,78. 99%。不同种源间多花黄精药材多糖和浸出物含量的巨大差异直接影响药材的有效性、稳定性,同时也说明栽培品种选育的潜力巨大;历代本草记载"二月采"或"八月采",2015年版《中国药典》规定"春秋二季采挖",上述时期多花黄精的多糖与浸出物含量并非最高,根据物候选择在多花黄精地上部分刚枯萎时采收可能更为科学。

To reveal the variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives of rhizomes Polygonatum cyrtonema from different producing areas,growing years,and harvesting seasons,25 wild samples from the main producing areas( provenances) of China and 6 artificial cultivated samples were collected and detected. The 6-year-old rhizomes of the artificial cultivation were gathered from Qingyuan,Zhejiang every 2 months during 2016 to 2017. Anthrone-sulfuric acid method and hot-dip method were used to determine the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives respectively. The results showed that provenances,age sections and harvesting seasons affected the quality of Polygonati Rhizoma significantly. The content of polysaccharides from different provenances varied from 6. 96% to 20. 09%,and the content of extractives varied from 32. 08% to 78. 99%. The polysaccharides and extractives’ content were the highest at 2-year-age sections,active constituents accumulation peaked in the third year,then decreased significantly with age increasing. The contents of polysaccharides and extractives accumulated were highest when aerial parts,up to 15. 39% and 78. 99% respectively. In summary,the activity and consistency fluctuated with producing areas. while such phenomenon indicated a huge potential of breeding. Additionally,the results showed that collecting Polygonati Rhizoma in February or August as herbal textual recorded were unreasonable,neither in spring or autumn according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition). Because these collecting periods didn’t have the highest contents of polysaccharides and extractives. Therefore,based on phenological options,the rhizomes of P. cyrtonema should be harvested when the aboveground parts had just withered.