中药活性成分在炎症性肠病治疗中的应用研究

Application of active components from traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

炎症性肠病是一种慢性反复发作累及胃肠道的非特异性自身免疫性疾病,肠道出血、腹泻、体质量减轻等临床症状严重威胁人类身体健康,同时可诱发结直肠癌。主要病因及发病机制涉及生活环境改变、多基因遗传因素、炎症性免疫细胞浸润及持续免疫应激状态、黏膜屏障防御作用减弱及肠道内菌群紊乱等因素。目前临床治疗用药主要包括氨基水杨酸类、皮质类固醇类、免疫抑制剂、生物制剂等,鉴于其治疗效果不佳及价格昂贵等缺点。中药活性成分具有抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等多种生物活性及药理作用,其多靶点的作用特点在炎症性肠病的治疗防治中独具优势。该文主要从保护肠上皮屏障及维持肠道微生物稳态、抑制致炎因子、调节Th1/Th17/Treg平衡等方面总结了中药活性成分在治疗炎症性肠病方面的应用与研究进展,为基于中药活性成分治疗炎症性肠病的新药研发及相关机制提供新的思路。

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a non-specific and chronic recurrent autoimmune disease that involves the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical symptoms of intestinal bleeding, diarrhea, and weight loss threat to human health and induce colorectal cancer. The pathogenesis included living environment, genetic factors, immune cell infiltration and immune stress, weakened mucosal barrier defense and intestinal flora imbalance. At present, clinical treatment drugs mainly include aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biological agents, etc., in view of the disadvantages of poor therapeutic effect and expensive price. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the treatment IBD have various biological activities and multiple targets such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor and immune regulation. This article summarized the application and the research progress in protecting intestinal epithelial barrier, maintaining intestinal microbial homeostasis, inhibiting causative factors, and regulating Th1/Th17/Treg balance about TCM in the treatment of IBD. The review provided new ideas for further development of the new drugs on the mechanism based on active ingredients of TCM in IBD treatment.