川乌的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

Chemical components and pharmacological action of Aconiti Radix

川乌为临床常用中药,具有祛风除湿、温经止痛之功效,用于风寒湿痹、关节疼痛、心腹冷痛、寒疝作痛、麻醉止痛,药用历史悠久,药用价值高。现代药理学研究表明,川乌对类风湿性关节炎、神经性疼痛、高血压等疾病具有良好的治疗作用。川乌作为一味著名有毒中药,其主要药效和毒性成分皆为生物碱类成分,在发挥抗炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤等药效同时,也可导致神经毒性和心脏毒性,因此,临床使用时常通过炮制降低其毒性,或与白芍、防己等药味配伍达到减毒增效的目的。近年来,随着对'十八反'为代表的中药配伍禁忌研究逐渐深入,对中药配伍禁忌的认知有了新的认识,发现部分与川乌相反的中药配伍使用后并无明显毒副作用,甚至表现出相反相成的作用。该研究通过查阅近年来国内外发表川乌的相关文献,从化学成分、药理作用、毒性及配伍等方面进行综述,同时对化学成分与抗炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤等药理作用及毒性的关系进行描绘,以期为川乌进一步研究及其临床应用提供依据。

Aconiti Radix is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herb in clinic,with the effects in expelling wind and removing damness,warming menstruation and relieving pain.With a long medicinal history and high medicinal value,it was used for anemofrigid-damp arthralgia,arthralgia,cold hernia and anesthesia analgesia.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Aconiti Radix has a good therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis,neuropathic pain and hypertension.As a well-known toxic TCM herb,its main pharmacodynamic and toxic components are alkaloids,which can lead to neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity while exerting anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor and other pharmacodynamic effects.Therefore,it is often processed to reduce its toxicity or combined with Paeoniae Radix Alba and Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix to achieve the purpose of reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy in clinic.In recent years,with the deepening of the study on the incompatibility of TCM represented by'eighteen incompatible herbs',there have been new findings about TCM incompatibility.It has been found complementary effect,rather than no obvious toxic and side effects after the combination with incompatible herbs of Aconiti Radix.To provide the basis for further study and clinical application of Aconiti Radix,this paper reviewed chemical components,pharmacological action,toxicity and compatibility of Aconiti Radix by consulting relevant literatures published in recent years at home and abroad.Meanwhile,this paper also described the relationship between chemical constituents,as well as anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects and toxicity.