栀子饮片浸出物提取方法的建立及其在栀子不同饮片质量评价中的应用

Establishment of extraction method for Gardeniae Fructus extract and its application in evaluating different Gardeniae Fructus decoction pieces

该实验采用层递分析法,通过浸出物得率差异,及针对浸出物中主要成分的差异分析,用于评价栀子不同饮片的质量。实验中采用热浸法、冷浸法比较水与不同浓度乙醇浸出物得率与化学成分含量差异,通过加权计算,优选栀子浸出物最佳提取方法,并对方法进行应用验证。加权计算结果显示,水溶性浸出物下冷浸法优于热浸法,醇溶性浸出物下以冷浸法下75%乙醇为最优。方法验证结果显示,冷浸法下水溶性浸出物可显著区分生栀子与焦栀子统货,同一批次来源生栀子、焦栀子、栀子炭饮片(P<0. 05)。醇溶性浸出物可明显区分同一批次中焦栀子与栀子炭饮片(P<0. 05)。而含量测定结果显示,饮片成分含量测定下,各成分在栀子不用炮制品中变异系数高于浸出物方法下成分测定,且羟异栀子苷为栀子与其炮制品之间含量变化差异较为显著的成分。故建议建立栀子水溶性浸出物方法与羟异栀子苷含量测定,共同用于栀子及其炮制品饮片的质量评价,为进一步完善栀子饮片质量标准提供科学依据。

In this experiment,the gradation analysis method was used to evaluate the quality of different pieces of Gardeniae Fructus through the extraction rate difference and the difference analysis of the main components in the extract.In this experiment cold-dip and hot-dip methods were used to compare the yield of Gardeniae Fructus extract and the content of chemical constituents with water,25%,50%,75%and 95%ethanol fractions.By weighted calculation,the optimal extraction method of Gardeniae Fructus was determined,and this was verified by practical application.Results showed that for the water-soluble extract,cold dip method was better than the hot dip method;and for alcohol-soluble extract,75%ethanol under cold dip method was best.The verification results showed that water-soluble extracts under cold dip methods could be used to significantly distinguish the raw Gardeniae Fructus(GF)and processed(stir-baked)GF(GFP)collected from the market.Meanwhile,this method could be also used to distinguish the same batch of GF,GFP and carbonized GF(GFC)with significant differences,respectively(P<0.05).Ethanol-soluble extract can be used to clearly distinguish GFP and GFC pieces in the same batch(P<0.05).The results of content determination showed that the variation coefficient of components in GF processed products was higher than that in extracts,and the content of hydroxygeniposide was the most significant component between GF and its processed products.It is suggested that the method of water-soluble extract of GF and the determination of the content of gardoside should be combined together to evaluate the quality of GF and its heat processed products.