滇重楼品质与产地和表型性状相关性分析

Correlation analysis of quality,origin and phenotypic characters of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

对滇重楼主要分布区不同产地野生品与移栽品的主要表型性状与品质进行比较,为适生区滇重楼生产提供指导,以期为滇重楼种质资源的保护利用、品质控制和良种选育提供参考依据。通过野外实地考查并收集样品,以采自云南、贵州、四川33个采集点的滇重楼植株及其根茎为研究对象,采用常规方法测定植株的7项表型性状的变异,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定滇重楼4种甾体皂苷(重楼皂苷Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ)含量以检测皂苷含量的变化,利用主成分分析和聚类分析方法分析其多样性,并对滇重楼样品的表型性状和皂苷含量进行相关性分析。不同产地的野生和移栽滇重楼7个表型性状均存在显著性差异,具有较高的表型多样性,且表型性状的变异具有间断性,具有丰富的遗传变异。主成分分析结果表明叶形指数为滇重楼形态变异的主要因素。聚类分析表明,多数产地野生滇重楼与移栽滇重楼表型性状未能完全分开。不同产地的野生与移栽滇重楼中重楼皂苷含量存在较大差异,93. 94%的滇重楼样品符合2015年版《中国药典》要求,整体质量较为稳定。独立样本t检验结果表明野生品与移栽品所有活性成分均无显著差异,无法区分野生品与移栽品,与聚类分析结果相一致。相关性分析结果表明,滇重楼植株的表型性状与其入药品质存在一定相关性,重楼皂苷总含量与叶长、叶形指数呈显著正相关(r=0. 389,0. 441;P<0. 05)。云南、贵州、四川为适宜进行滇重楼人工栽培的地域,移栽滇重楼完全可以代替野生品使用。同时为滇重楼的原生地就地保护及优良种质的选育提供参考。

In order to provide guidance for the protection and utilization of resources,quality control and breeding of improved varieties,we compared the main phenotypic characters and quality of wild and transplanted Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis collected from different producing areas.Seven phenotypic characters of 33 samples of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis collected from Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan were determined by conventional methods,and the principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the diversity of the samples.The parissaponin(polyphyllinⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ)content of the samples were detected by HPLC,and analyzed by cluster analysis.Correlation analysis of the phenotypic characters and the parissaponin content was performed.There were significant differences in seven phenotypic characters between wild and transplanted samples of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis from different habitats,with high phenotypic diversity and abundant genetic variation.The results of principal component analysis showed that leaf shape index was the main factor of morphological variation of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.Cluster analysis showed that the phenotypic characters of wild and transplanted P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis could not be completely separated.The content of saponins in wild and transplanted samples from different habitats was quite different.Saponins content of 93.94%samples met the criterion of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition,and the overall quality was relatively steady.The results of independent sample t-test showed that there was no significant difference of all the active ingredient between wild and transplanted samples,and it couldn’t be used to distinguish between wild and transplanted samples.It is the same as the results of cluster analysis.The results of correlation analysis showed that the phenotypic traits of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis were correlated with its medicine quality,and the total content of saponins was positively correlated with leaf length and leaf shape index(r=0.389,0.441;P<0.05).Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan are suitable for the growth of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.And the transplaned P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis can be used as the same as the wild ones completely.The results provide reference for the protection and selective breeding of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.