玛咖化学成分与生物活性研究进展

Research progress on chemical constituents and bioactivities of Lepidium meyenii

玛咖Lepidium meyenii是十字花科Cruciferae独行菜属Lepidium L.一年生或两年生草本植物,誉有'秘鲁国宝'和'南美人参'的称号,其主要含有蛋白质、氨基酸、多糖、生物碱类(主要包括玛咖酰胺类、咪唑类、羟基吡啶类、咔啉类、有机胺类等)、芥子油苷类、硫代乙内酰脲类、玛咖烯类、甾醇类等多种化学成分。玛咖具有改善性功能和促生育、神经保护、抗疲劳、抗氧化、抗骨质疏松、抑制前列腺增生以及抗肿瘤等方面的生物活性。该文对玛咖的化学成分和生物活性研究进行综述,为玛咖的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。

Maca(Lepidium meyenii)known as the'national treasure of Peru'and'South American ginseng',is annual or biennial herbs of the genus Lepidium in Cruciferae.It mainly contains proteins,amino acids,polysaccharides,alkaloids(including:macamides,imidazoles,hydroxypyridines,carbazoles,organic amines and so on),glucosinolates,macaenes,thioethylurea,sterols and other chemical constituents.In recent years,more and more studies have found that it could treat osteoporosis and improve prostatehyperplasia,and possessed anti-cancer,female climacteric syndrome,rheumatism,antioxidant and other pharmacological effects.In this paper,the chemical constituents and bioactivity of Maca were reviewed,which could provide the basis for the further development and utilization of Maca.