清代本草著作中警戒思想的探析

Pharmacovigilance in materia medica works of Qing Dynasty

通过以清代《本草择要纲目》《本经逢源》《得配本草》《本草纲目拾遗》《本草害利》为代表性著作,从识毒、用毒、防毒、解毒4个方面提取文本信息,构建清代本草著作药物警戒信息表,总结归纳清代药物警戒思想。其中清代药物警戒认识记载颇多,在识毒方面以《本草纲目拾遗》为主要代表,新增了很多药物以及引进较多药物的新用法;另外用毒与防毒方面以《本草择要纲目》《本经逢源》《得配本草》《本草害利》为主要代表重视药物的配伍以及病证禁忌等方面,重视医药融合,使药物与临床使用紧密联系;解毒方面虽未有专篇介绍,但在《得配本草》《本草纲目拾遗》的各药中均有介绍,具备比较系统完整'识毒-用毒-防毒-解毒'的药物警戒思想体系。该研究据此发现清代传统警戒思想具有重视含毒性中药的临床应用以及医药结合的特点,对现代临床用药具有一定的指导意义。该文以此来挖掘清代代表性著作中的传统药物警戒认识,剖析清代药物警戒思想的特点,为明确传统药物警戒体系奠定基础。

Taking the Zeyao Materia Medica,Benjing Fengyuan,De Pei Materia Medica,Shiyi Materia Medica,Harmful Benefits of Materia Medica as representative works in Qing Dynasty,this paper extracts text information from four aspects:drug identification,drug use,drug prevention and detoxification,constructs a drug pharmacovigilance information table of Qing Dynasty herbal works,and summarizes the drug pharmacovigilance of Qing Dynasty.Thought,in the Qing Dynasty,there were many recordings of drug pharmacovigilance.In the aspect of drug awareness,the main representative was Shi Yi Materia Medica which added many new drugs and introduced more new uses of drugs.In addition,in the aspect of drug use and prevention,the main representatives were Zeyao Materia Medica,Benjing Fengyuan,De Pei Materia Medica,and Harmful Benefits of Materia Medica.In the aspect of taboo of disease and syndrome,attention should be paid to the integration of medicine so as to make drugs closely related to clinical use.Although there is no special introduction on detoxification,it has been introduced in various medicines in the De Pei Materia Medica,Shiyi Materia Medica,which has a relatively systematic and complete drug warning ideology system of'drug identification-use-drug prevention-detoxification'.This study found that the traditional pharmacovigilance thought of Qing Dynasty had the characteristics of attaching importance to the clinical application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine and the combination of medicine,which had certain guiding significance for modern clinical medication.This paper aims to explore the traditional drug pharmacovigilance knowledge in representative works of the Qing Dynasty,analyze the characteristics of the drug pharmacovigilance thought in the Qing Dynasty,and lay a foundation for clarifying the traditional drug pharmacovigilance system.