南阳戏曲窝班考论

Briefly on the Opera Woban in Nanyang

窝班是进行戏曲教育、开展艺术演出活动的团体。南阳民间戏曲在清朝至民国年间之所以达到繁盛的峰巅,与供养戏曲窝班具有广泛的群众基础这一文化现象分不开。民间戏曲窝班的供养者既有官宦、商贾、乡绅,也有农民、孤儿院等其它社会角色。供养窝班的目的是自娱和娱人。戏曲的昌盛鼓舞了供养者信心,窝班培养的名优效应又促进了戏曲的繁荣,二者互为因果。在曲宴酬酢、张乐共听的过程中,窝班是推动戏曲臻于完美和催生新剧种的直接力量。但是由于受戏曲窝班班主、传戏师傅在文化、学术、创新及市场经营等方面所表现出来的琐碎饾饤观念的影响和学艺人员较低素质的制约,地方戏曲未能器大道弘,限制了传统艺术经典剧目和艺术大师的产生。

Woban in the south of Henan is a group to carry out opera education and conduct aytistic performance. The prospersity of local opera and prouiding of opera Woban have wide base of masses. Woban is the direct power to push forward the perfection of operas and to wrge the birth of new opera. The managing ideas of the owner of Woban and the masters of opera, and the lower quality of the actors have preiented the classical opera and artistic masters from emerging.