50岁以上妇女妊娠滋养细胞疾病的临床分析

Clinical characteristics and management of gestational trophoblastic disease in women aged 50 years or more

目的探讨50岁以上妇女妊娠滋养细胞疾病的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院自1992年至2002年收治的38例50岁以上妇女妊娠滋养细胞疾病患者的临床资料。结果临床特点患者年龄50～58岁,平均(52±2)岁;主要临床表现为阴道不规则出血。本组38例患者中,葡萄胎5例(13%),侵蚀性葡萄胎(侵葡)19例(50%),绒毛膜癌(绒癌)12例(32%)和胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤2例(5%)。初步诊断为葡萄胎的23例患者中,15例行单药预防性化疗,其中10例恶变为侵葡,此10例中3例发生肺转移;8例未行预防性化疗,此类患者均发生恶变(其中侵葡6例、胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤2例),且均发生肺转移。上述23例葡萄胎患者中,行单药预防性化疗与否患者的肺转移发生率分别为20%(3/15)、8/8,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.382,P=0.000)。本组38例患者均接受了化疗,其中行子宫切除术者32例,完全缓解率为91%(29/32);未行手术者6例,仅2例完全缓解。结论对于50岁以上出现阴道不规则出血的妇女,必须进行妊娠及妊娠相关疾病的检查。一旦确诊为妊娠滋养细胞疾病,应及早给予化疗,且手术切除子宫是必要的。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, management and prognosis of gestational trophoblastic disease in women aged 50 years or more. Methods Thirty-eight cases of gestational trophoblastic disease in women aged 50 years or more, who were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 1992 and 2002, were reviewed retrospectively. Results The median age was 52 years (range from 50 to 58 years ). The lesions included 5 hydatidiform moles (13%), 19 invasive moles (50%), 12 choriocarcinomas (32%) and 2 placenta site trophoblastic tumors (5%). All of 38 cases presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Twenty-three cases of hydatidiform moles were diagnosed at their first visit to the hospital, and 15 of them received prophylactic chemotherapy, of whom 10 progressed to invasive mole, 3 developed lung metastasis. All of the other 8 cases without prophylactic chemotherapy progressed to malignant changes with metastasis of lung. The use of prophylactic chemotherapy reduced the incidence of subsequent metastasis. All of 38 cases received chemotherapy. Thirty-two cases underwent hysterectomy, complete remission was achieved in 91% of patients; complete remission was achieved in 2 of 6 patients without hysterectomy. Conclusions The diagnosis of pregnancy and pregnancy-related disease should be considered in the elderly women presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Once gestational trophoblastic disease in women aged 50 years or more is diagnosed, chemotherapy should be given as soon as possible. Hysterectomy is frequently required to improve the prognosis of gestational trophoblastic disease in the elderly women.