美国环境信息化建设及其启示

Application of Environmental Information Technology in the US and Its Implications

我国环境信息化存在基础设施和系统建设分散,数据难以共享,信息资源开发利用程度低,公众服务能力弱等问题,难以满足新时期生态环境保护工作的要求。美国环保署在环境信息管理方面建立了一套完善的组织架构和管理体制,实现了环境数据的共享、开放和信息资源的综合开发与利用。本文介绍了美国环保局的首席信息官(CIO)制度,信息化基础设施统一建设和运维等信息化管理制度,以及设施登记系统,有毒物质排放清单,我身边的环境,环境数据仓库,环境数据传输与交换等信息系统,结合我国的环境信息化建设,提出了若干政策建议。

China's environmental information technology application faces many problems such as the dispersed construction of infrastructure and systems, difficulty in data sharing, poor utilization and development of information resources, weak public service capacity, and it is difficult to meet the demands of eco-environmental protection in the new era. US EPA has set up a sound organizational structure and administrative mechanism on environmental information management, which realized data sharing, public access to environmental data and comprehensive development and utilization of information resources. This article introduces the EPA's management systems of Chief Information Officer(CIO), unified information infrastructure construction, operation and maintenance, some information systems of EPA, such as Facility Registration System(FRS), Toxics Release Inventory(TRI), My Environment, Envirofacts and Central Data Exchange(CDX). It makes policy recommendations combining China's environmental information technology application.