环境质量管理新模式:启程与挑战

The Start of A New Pattern of Environmental Quality Management with Challenges for Future China

污染物总量控制是我国近10年环境保护中一个重要的治理模式。但在环境容量"硬约束"、公众对良好环境质量"硬需求"的大背景下,我国的环境管理应逐步从总量控制转向以环境质量改善为核心,改善环境质量已经成为环保工作的出发点和落脚点。2015年,随着新《环境保护法》的实施和"三大战役"的先后打响,法律保障、行动计划、政府问责、质量监测等逐步就绪,环境质量管理的基础手段不断夯实。2016年,环境质量管理新模式将全面启动,建议从强化公众环境健康、实行区域流域总量控制、改革生态环保管理体制、强化市场机制、推行排污许可证制度、加强信息公开和公众参与等方面着手,全面推进环境质量管理转型与创新。

Total emission control is one of the important management tools of environmental protection in last 10 years of China. But under the background of hard constraints of environmental capacity and the public's pressing demand for good environmental quality, China should change from total emission control to environmental quality improvement as the core of environmental management.The improvement of environmental quality has become a starting point and the foothold of environmental protection. In recent years, with the implementation of the new Environmental Protection Law and the three actions of pollution prevention and control, legal guarantee, plans of actions, the government accountability, and environmental quality monitoring are gradually in order. Besides, the basic means of environmental quality management are constantly consolidated. It needs to further strengthen the policies and measures of environmental quality management in 2016 in many aspects: to pay much attention to public health, to implement region-and-river based total emission control, to reform the eco-environmental governance, to strengthen the marketbased instruments,to develop emission permit system, to strengthen the information disclosure and public participation.