固体废物全过程管理中固体废物鉴别研究

Study on the Solid Waste Identification in the Whole Process of Solid Waste Management

对固体废物应进行全过程管理,固体废物鉴别是固体废物全过程管理的基础和关键,包括依据产生来源鉴别和过程鉴别两种方法,依据产生来源鉴别包括丧失原有利用价值的物质、在生产过程中产生的副产物、环境治理和污染控制过程中产生的物质、其他物质四类,在每一类中详细地列举了属于该产生来源的具体固体废物种类名称,便于理解和增强可操作性。过程鉴别包括在固体废物再生利用过程和处置过程中的固体废物鉴别两类,其中在再生利用过程的固体废物鉴别中明确指出了固体废物再生利用产物只有同时满足产品质量标准要求、国家污染控制标准要求以及有实际市场需求、固定用户等条件时,才不作为固体废物管理,在处置过程的固体废物鉴别中具体地列出了处置固体废物全过程中仍然作为固体废物管理的国际惯用处置方式。同时,给出了清晰的"原料—产品—固体废物—处置或产品"全过程中固体废物的产生节点和相应的固体废物类别图,为固体废物鉴别工作提供参考,使固体废物全过程管理有的放矢,有效防止固体废物对环境和人体健康造成的危害。

The whole process of solid waste management should be carried out. Solid waste identification is the basis and key of the whole process management of solid waste. Two methods were summarized for solid waste identification in this paper, based on the source identification and process identification. According to the source of production, the solid wastes were divided into four categories,. which were the substances losing original use value, by-product substances during the production process, substances during environmental management and pollution control process and other substances. In each category, the specific solid wastes that were generated from the source were listed. This could easy to understand and enhance the operability. Process identification was divided into two categories, which were the identification of solid wastes in the process of solid waste recycling and disposal. The solid waste recycling products were not managed as solid waste need to satisfy all the following conditions, to meet the requirements of product quality standard, meet the national pollution control standard, belong the actual market demand and fixed the user. The international usual solid waste disposal methods were listed. In the whole process of solid waste disposal by any disposal method, it would remain as solid waste management. The chart for the generating node of solid waste and the corresponding solid waste category in the whole process of raw materialsproducts-solid waste-disposal or product was showed. This study wouldill provide the reference for solid waste identification. Meanwhile, it will promote the whole process of solid waste management and can effectively prevent the hazard of solid waste on the environment and human health.