从水污染防治角度出发的全国分省域水环境安全研究

Study on Water Environment Security for Provinces Based on Water Pollution Control

针对我国日益严峻的水环境安全问题,本文从水污染防治角度出发,依据影响我国水环境安全的关键污染问题,即水环境质量、水污染物排放、水环境风险,构建了水环境安全指标体系。利用相关分析法、主成分分析法,简化、优化评价指标体系。利用层次分析法与专家打分法,估算各指标权重,采集各指标数据对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)2011—2013年的水环境安全状况进行评估。结果表明:该指标体系在一定条件和范围内是合理的,我国水环境安全大体呈西高中东低的空间分布,京津冀区域水环境安全评价值较低。"十三五"时期,京津冀地区应着重于降低主要污染物浓度,削减劣V类断面比例,提高水环境质量,海南、福建、广东等地区着力于减少农业等水污染物排放强度,湖南等地区则需要重点关注涉重企业的污染物排放。

Based on the increasingly serious water environmental security problems and water pollution control in China,the security assessment index system was constructed from three aspects including the water environmental quality,the water pollutants discharge and the water environmental risk.And then the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to simplify and optimize the evaluation index system.The weights of the indices were determined by analytical hierarchy process(AHP) and expert scoring method.At last,the water environment security for 31 provinces in 2011-2013 was evaluated.The results showed that the index system is reasonable in certain condition,the decrease order of the water environment security was:the western region>the central and eastern regions,Beijing-tianjin-hebei region had the low evaluation value.We should reduce the pollutant concentration to improve the water environment quality for Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei etal,reduce agriculture pollutant discharge for Hainan,Fujian,etal,and pay attention to the enterprises involved in the heavy metal in the 13 th Five-Year period.