以大数据驱动固体废物管理创新的思考

Thinking on Promoting the Innovation of Solid Waste Management by Big Data

2015年7月,国务院印发《关于积极推进"互联网+"行动的指导意见》,鼓励利用物联网、大数据开展信息采集、数据分析、流向监测,跟踪废物流向,创新再生资源回收模式。我国固体废物种类多、数量大,部分废物具有一定的综合利用价值。从环境风险角度来看,需要关注固体废物生产、转移、利用、处置等多个环节,一直是环境管理的难点。但以大数据和云计算为代表的新技术为推动固体废物有效利用、提升环境风险防控能力提供了可能。文章介绍了新加坡利用大数据关联模型分析技术开展共生产业园区规划和建设,以及江苏省利用大数据和物联网技术开展危险废物转移动态监管的案例,分析了大数据应用在固体废物管理方面的优势和存在的挑战,为固体废物管理大数据建设提出了初步设想。未来固体废物大数据的建设应围绕《土壤污染防治行动计划》,首先要服务社会,实现数据共享和信息公开;其次要服务于日常管理,固体废物管理部门可以通过大数据应用辅助决策,落实简政放权,实现智慧管理;再次要服务于环境应急,通过对固体废物全生命周期的数据实时采集和动态分析,整合应急资源,服务应急救援。

Recently,the State Council issued the declaration on promoting 'Internet plus' guidelines for action,using the Internet of Things and Big Data analysis technology to optimize information collection,data analysis and track waste flows,then innovative recycle modes of renewable resources.The solid waste in our country has many kinds,the quantity is large,and some kinds of waste have the certain comprehensive utilization value.From the perspective of environmental risk,the need to pay attention to the production,transfer,use,disposal and other aspects,has been the difficulty of environmental management.Cloud computing and Big Data as the representative of the new technology have provided a possible to promote the effective use of solid waste,improve the ability of environmental risk prevention and control.Singapore uses Big Data association model analysis technology to develop industrial symbioses park planning and construction.Jiangsu Province uses Big Data and IOT technology to carry out the dynamic supervision of hazardous waste transfer.By introducing previous two cases,the paper analyzed the advantages and challenges of Big Data applications in solid waste management,put forward the tentative ideas for the Big Data construction of solid waste management.According to the 'soil pollution prevention action plan',future Big Data construction of solid waste needs first to serve society,realize the data sharing and information disclosure;secondly,to serve in environmental management,help to decision-making,the implementation of decentralization,realize intelligence managementfor the administrations;thirdly,to service in environmental emergency,through real-time data acquisition and dynamic analysis of the whole life cycle of solid waste,integrate the emergency resources and service emergency rescue.