“互联网+”时代的环境风险评估探讨

Probe on the Digital Environmental Risk Assessment in the “Internet Plus” Era

环境风险评估是环境管理的前提和依据。目前比较成熟的方法分为项目"事先"环评和健康"事后"风险评估。以上两种风险评估方法由于多种原因制约,无法提供给环境管理部门实时在线的环境风险结果。实际上,环境风险评估方法在不断完善中,随着互联网、物联网、云计算、三网融合等IT与通信技术的迅猛发展,环境保护领域也迎来了大数据时代,风险评估也将逐渐步入"互联网+"时代。新型环境风险评估更具系统性,将以数字化的形式体现环境(E)—污染物(M)—人为因素(H)的风险耦合度。虽然数字化环境风险评估在相关风险因子和风险评估方法上仍处于起步阶段,但它是新形势下环境风险管理的一个全新方向,其应用将对环境管理领域产生巨大影响。本文将分析传统环境风险评估与"互联网+"时代的环境风险评估差异,探讨新型数字化环境风险评估需要的支撑硬件与平台,并对数字化环境风险评估的发展趋势与挑战做出展望。

Environmental risk assessment is the premise and basis for environmental management.The available methods can be classified into two types,which include project risk with afore-hand and health risk with postmortem.Due to many restrictions,both of them cannot provide the real-time online risk information to the management agency.Actually,the environmental risk assessment method is developing,with the rapid development of the Internet of Things,cloud computing,triple play,as well as other IT and communication technologies,environmental protection has met the big data era,and environmental risk assessment will step into 'Internet Plus' period.The new environmental assessment risk has more systematic,it will present the risk coupling degrees of environment(E)-pollutants(M)-human(H) in digital forms.Though it is the primary stage in describing risk of relating risk factors and risk evaluation methods,it is the brand new trend of environmental management in the new situation.The application of 'Internet Plus' will brings a great impact on the environmental management.This paper analyzed the difference between the traditional risk assessment and the digital environmental risk assessment,as well as probed the hardware and platform support for the digital environmental risk assessment,and then presented the prospect of its development trends and challenges in the digital.