我国土壤污染防治立法探究

Analysis of the Legislation on Soil Pollution Prevention and Control in China

随着土壤污染防治专门立法的启动,我国土壤污染防治的相关制度也将逐步建立,这对于指导土壤污染防治的实践工作具有重要意义。然而在立法过程中各方争议较大且亟待解决的几个关键问题有必要深入探究,主要涉及立法模式的选择、土壤环境管理模式的选择、污染土壤修复目标的确定及特殊污染土壤责任主体的认定。通过探析各争议问题对立法的核心价值及其背景和实质,并基于国情和我国土壤污染的现状,得出结论即应坚持防治并重,建立综合性土壤立法。采取风险管控的方式进行土壤管理。对受污染土壤的修复目标应结合未来土地用途具体分析。特殊历史遗留污染土壤责任主体的认定,则要坚持污染者负担为基本原则,其他相关原则为补充。

With the start of soil pollution prevention legislation, the relevant systems will be gradually built up, which is important in guiding the practice of soil pollution prevention and control. Therefore, several key issues in dispute in the legislative process are worthy of further exploration, which primarily involves selecting specific legislation mode and soil management mode, determining the remediation goals of contaminated soil and main responsibilityof special contaminated soil. Exploring the background and substance of the key issues, and basing on the current national conditions and soil pollution situation, we concluded that a comprehensive soil legislation should be established, the risk management approach should be adopted to soil management, the remediation goal of contaminated soil should base on the future land use and decide on each specific matter. As for the historical contaminated soil, we shall adhere to the 'polluter pays principle' and supplement other principles with varies conditions.